Lunetikk's IT Wiki

This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong.
===== Linux Commands =====

^  Command  ^  Function  ^
|  cd {/folder/}  |  cd (change directory), changes the current directory to folder  |\\
|  pwd  |  shows current directory  |\\
|  ls  |  shows all files and folders in the current directory in one line -> confusing)  |\\
|  ll  |  = ls –al ->  shows all files and folders + owner + size, 1 item each line  |\\
|  alias  |  shows alias like „..“ for „cd ..“  |\\
|  cat {textfile}  |  displays the full file  |\\
|  tail [-f -n 20] {file}  |  displays the last 20 lines of the file – extension „–f“ refreshes the file, extension „–n 20“ displays the last 20 lines  |\\
|  head {file}  |  same as tail but it displays the first lines  |\\
|  touch {file}  |  create a file / refresh the timestamp  |\\
|  chmod [777 or +rwx] {file}  |  change rights of a file  |\\
|  chown {user}:{group} {file or directory} [–R]  |  change owner and group, -R changes the complete directory including files and subdirectorys  |\\
|  useradd [–m]  |  add a user (-m creates a homedir)  |\\
|  groupadd  |  add a group  |\\
|  cp {source} {target} [-r -a]  |  copy data, -r copy directory, -a keep the rights  |\\
|  mv {source} {target}  |  move file or directory  |\\
|  rm [–r] {file or folder}  |  removes a folder with all data in it / rmdir only removes empty folders  |\\
|  cut [–d] ":" [-f] 1,3  |  : is the delimiter and 1 and 3 are the columns  |\\
|  echo " " > test.sh  |  deletes the entries of a textfile  |\\
|  which sutp  |  shows path of sutp  |\\
|  echo $?  |  0 = success of the last command  |\\
|  env  |  run a program in a modified environment    |\\
|  uptime  |  shows how long your machine is running  |\\
|  mkdir [–p] {/abc/abc}  |  create a directory including a subdirectory  |\\
|  rpm [–ivh]  |  install a rpm file (install verbose hash)  |\\
|  mount /dev/{cdrom, sr, hdc or tabtab}  |  mount something  |\\
|  df -h  |  diskfree lists your diskspace  |\\
|  dpkg -l %%|%% less  |  shows all apps installed with apt-get  |\\
|  source {file}  |  evaluates a file   |\\
|  ps [-aux] %%|%% grep '[p]erl'  |  look up the perl process but dont show the grep "perl" process  |\\
|  ln -s {source} {target}  |  symlink  |\\
|  cat /etc/*-release  |  shows the linux distribution (SLES/Ubuntu etc)  |\\
|  find <PATH> -name "<FILENAME>"  |  finds a file in path  |\\
|  history %%|%% grep xyz  |  finds xyz in the last executed commands  |\\
|  zless /var/log/xyz.1.gz  |  open packed logfiles  |\\
|  zless, zmore, zcat, zgrep  |  open gzipped files without extraction  |\\
|  locate myscript  |  lists all paths to files named myscript  |\\
|  ip addr list dev eth0  |  lists all ips, including virtual ips  |\\
|  echo $0  |  shows the current running process (in script)/ shows the running shell (in shell) (csh,bash,etc..)  |\\
|  echo $SHELL  |  shows the default shell (csh,bash,etc..)  |\\
|  rsync -avzh lunetikk@lunetikk.de:/home/ /tmp/.  |  copy /home to /tmp via rsync  |\\
|  %%wget -r ftp://<USER>:<PASS>@lunetikk.de%%  |  copy / to current folder via wget  |\\
|  echo -e '\e[0;41m'  |  set backgroundcolor red for your current shell  |\\
|  time /any/script.sh  |  displays the execution time  |\\
|  mtr lunetikk.de  |  dynamic ping/traceroute  |\\
|  nl test.sh  |  shows script with numbered lines  |\\
|  curl ifconfig.me  |  display your external ip address  |\\
|  curl ipinfo.io  |  display a "whois" for your ip address  |\\
|  tree  |  display files and folders as a tree  |\\
|  pstree  |  display running processes with children as a tree  |\\
|  <space> rm secretfile  |  this command will not be recorded in history  |\\
|  stat file.txt  |  displays info of the file  |\\
|  %%while sleep 1;do tput sc;tput cup 0 $(($(tput cols)-29));date;tput rc;done &%%  |  display the time on the top right corner in shell  |
|  %%echo "test" | mailx -s "Test mail" -S "smtp=<RELAY>" -r "<TO>" "<FROM>"%%  |  Send mails via different SMTP without changing your postfix config  |
|  tar cfvz <archive>.tgz <dir/file>  |  compress files to tgz  |
|  tar -xzfv <archive>  |  decompress tgz to current dir  |
|  tar -xvjf <archive>.tar.bz2 <archive>  |  decompress bz2 to current dir  |
|  tar -tvf <archive>.tar  |  list files in tar  |
|  tar -xvf <archive>.tar home/foo/bar  |  extract /home/foo/bar from the tar (NO LEADING SLASH /)  |
|  last -w  |  displays the full name instead of only 8 chars  |
|  lsscsi -v  |  lists the scsi device id and its partition  |
|  ypcat passwd  |  list all users from the nis masterserver  |
|  ypwhich  |  list your nis masterserver  |
|  find /tmp -type f -atime +30 -delete  |  delete files in /tmp with no access in the last 30 days  |
|  dpkg --print-architecture  |  show cpu architecture (amd64/i386/...) (debian/ubuntu only)  |
|  nmap -sL <IP like 192.168.178.*>  |  list targets to scan in the given IP-range  |
|  nmap -sn <IP like 192.168.178.*>  |  ping scan in the given IP-range  |
|  yes %%|%% yum install <package>  |  submit yes - also works for other commands  |
|  du -hs * %%|%% sort -h %%|%% head   |  show files by size and sort by size  |
|  rm !(*.log)   |  remove all files except for *.log  |
|  ps -f -p <PID> -o lstart=  |  show starttime of process  |
|  install -d -o <user> -g <group> -m <mode> <path>  |  mkdir with specific user, group and rights  |

==== Save textfile with password (VIM) ====

^  Command  ^  Function  ^ 
|  vim -x <file>  |  open file and set password  |\\
|  vim <file>  |  open file and enter password after it was set  |\\

==== FTP Client ====

^  Command  ^  Function  ^ 
|  ftp -i lunetikk.de  |  start client without corfirmation needed  |\\
|  get file.txt  |  download file.txt  |\\
|  mget *  |  download all files  |\\
|  put file.txt  |  upload file.txt  |\\
|  mput *  |  upload all files  |\\
|  ls -al  |  show files in current folder  |\\
|  cd <PATH>  |  change directory  |\\
|  lcd <PATH>  |  change local directory  |\\

If you want to create a backup or copy your website, you might want to archive your files before transfer. Check the following script which does this
[[https://github.com/abdulawal39/ZipCF/blob/master/zipCF.php|
Github - abdulawal39/ZipCF]]

Copy the .zip to your targetserver and execute a php file (eg. yoursite.de/thephp.php) with the following code
<code><?php system('unzip <yourzipfile>.zip'); ?></code>

=== Troubleshooting ===

^  Problem  ^  Solution  ^
|  <code>put /tmp/files.tgz
local: /tmp/files.tgz remote: /tmp/files.tgz
200 PORT command successful
550 /tmp/files.tgz: No such file or directory</code>  |  <code>lcd /tmp/
cd /path/on/ftp
put files.tgz</code>  |

===== SLES Commands =====

[[https://en.opensuse.org/images/1/17/Zypper-cheat-sheet-1.pdf|Zypper Cheat Sheet 1]]\\
[[https://en.opensuse.org/images/3/30/Zypper-cheat-sheet-2.pdf|Zypper Cheat Sheet 2]]

^  Command  ^  Function  ^ 
|  zypper ref  |  Refresh repositorys  |\\
|  zypper up  |  Update packages  |\\
|  zypper in %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Install PACKAGE  |\\
|  zypper info %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Shows the repository with PACKAGE  |\\
|  zypper lr  |  List repositorys  |\\
|  zypper ar %%<%%REPOURL%%>%%  |  Add repository via REPOURL  |\\
|  zypper mr -e %%<%%REPO%%>%%  |  Activate existing REPO  |\\
|  zypper se -s %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Show all available packages incl. versions  |\\

===== Redhat Commands =====

[[https://access.redhat.com/articles/yum-cheat-sheet|Yum Cheat Sheet]]

^  Command  ^  Function  ^ 
|  yum list all  |  Show all available and installed packages  |\\
|  yum search %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Find info about [Package]  |\\
|  yum repolist  |  Show enabled repositorys  |\\
|  yum clean all  |  Clean all packages and meta data from cache  |\\
|  rm -rf /var/cache/yum  |  Clean all packages and meta data incl. orphaned data from cache  |\\
|  yum update  |  Update all installed packages  |\\
|  yum update %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Update PACKAGE  |\\
|  yum reinstall %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Reinstall PACKAGE  |\\
|  yum remove %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Remove PACKAGE  |\\
|  yum downgrade %%<%%PACKAGE%%>%%  |  Downgrade package to earlier version  |\\
|  yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="my-repo" update  |  Only update software of repository "my-repo"  |\\

===== Ubuntu/Debian Commands =====

^  Command  ^  Function  ^ 
|  apt-cache search [Package]  |  search for [Package] (example nano)  |\\
|  apt-get install [Package]  |  installs [Package]  |\\
|  apt-get update  |  update sources.list/repository  |\\
|  apt-get upgrade  |  update all installed packages  |\\
|  apt-get remove [Package]  |  remove [Package]  |\\
|  apt-get autoclean  |  remove software without sources  |\\
|  apt-get autoremove  |  remove unused dependencys  |\\
|  apt-get purge [Package]  |  remove [Package] and its configs  |\\
|  apt-key list %%|%% grep expired  |  list all expired keys  |
|  <nowiki>apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv <KEY></nowiki>  |  update a key (key = 1024D/**1234A5B6**)  |
|  <nowiki>apt-key adv --keyserver-options http-proxy=http://PROXYIP:8080 --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv <KEY></nowiki>  |  update a key with proxy  |
|  <nowiki>apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys <PUBKEY></nowiki>  |  add a key (key = NO_PUBKEY **A12B3CD456789E0F**  |
|  apt-mark hold [Package]  |  hold back [Package]  |\\
|  apt-mark unhold [Package]  |  remove hold back from [Package]  |\\
|  apt-mark showhold  |  show held back packages  |\\
|  dkpg --install [Package.deb]  |  installs offline packages  |\\
|  aptitude install [Package]  |  installs [Package] alt. apt-get  |\\
|  service [Service] start/stop  |  start/stop a service (rc for Suse)  |\\

==== dpkg ====

|  dpkg -l %%|%% less  |  shows all apps installed with apt-get  |\\
|  dpkg -l %%|%% grep <package>  |  shows all apps installed with apt-get by packagename  |\\

=== What does "ii" mean? ===

man dpkg-query
<code>
The first three columns of the output show the desired action, the package status, and errors, in that order.

Desired action:

            u = Unknown
            i = Install
            h = Hold
            r = Remove
            p = Purge
Package status:

            n = Not-installed
            c = Config-files
            H = Half-installed
            U = Unpacked
            F = Half-configured
            W = Triggers-awaiting
            t = Triggers-pending
            i = Installed
Error flags:

           <empty> = (none)
            R = Reinst-required
</code>

\\

==== Textformating ====

Reset all:
<code>echo -e "\e[0mNormal Text"</code>

=== Textcolor ===

Escape characters:
<code>
  \e
  \033
  \x1B
</code>

Example:
<code>
echo -e "\e[31mHello World\e[0m"
echo -e "\033[31mHello\e[0m World"
</code>

{{:linux:general:2018-01-16_15_22_48-root_lunetikk_.png?nolink|}}

== Foreground ==

^  Colorcode  ^  Code  ^  Description  ^
|  39  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[39mNormal Text"  |  default color  |
|  30  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[30mBlack"  |  black  |
|  31  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[31mRed"  |  red  |
|  32  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[32mGreen"  |  green  |
|  33  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[33mYellow"  |  yellow  |
|  34  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[34mBlue"  |  blue  |
|  35  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[35mMagenta"  |  magenta  |
|  36  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[36mCyan"  |  cyan  |
|  37  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[37mLight gray"  |  light gray  |
|  90  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[90mDark gray"  |  dark gray  |
|  91  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[91mLight red"  |  light red  |
|  92  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[92mLight green"  |  light green  |
|  93  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[93mLight yellow"  |  light yellow  |
|  94  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[94mLight blue"  |  light blue  |
|  95  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[95mLight magenta"  |  light magenta  |
|  96  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[96mLight cyan"  |  light cyan  |
|  97  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[97mWhite"  |  white/ mostly default...  |

== Background ==

^  Colorcode  ^  Code  ^  Description  ^
|  49  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[49mNormal Text"  |  default color  |
|  40  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[40mBlack"  |  black/ mostly default...  |
|  41  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[41mRed"  |  red  |
|  42  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[42mGreen"  |  green  |
|  43  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[43mYellow"  |  yellow  |
|  44  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[44mBlue"  |  blue  |
|  45  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[45mMagenta"  |  magenta  |
|  46  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[46mCyan"  |  cyan  |
|  47  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[47mLight gray"  |  light gray  |
|  100  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[100mDark gray"  |  dark gray  |
|  101  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[101mLight red"  |  light red  |
|  102  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[102mLight green"  |  light green  |
|  103  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[103mLight yellow"  |  light yellow  |
|  104  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[104mLight blue"  |  light blue  |
|  105  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[105mLight magenta"  |  light magenta  |
|  106  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[106mLight cyan"  |  light cyan  |
|  107  |  echo -e "Normal Text \e[107mWhite"  |  white  |

=== Textstyles ===

|  echo -e "Normal Text \e[1mBold"  |  bold  |
|  echo -e "Normal Text \e[2mDim"  |  dim/ darker text  |
|  echo -e "Normal Text \e[4mUnderlined"  |  underlined  |
|  echo -e "Normal Text \e[5mBlink"  |  blink text/ doesnt work with most terminals  |
|  echo -e "Normal Text \e[7minverted"  |  invert foreground and background colors  |
|  echo -e "Normal Text \e[8mHidden"  |  hide text  |

=== More color stuff ===

[[https://misc.flogisoft.com/bash/tip_colors_and_formatting|FLOZz' MISC bash:tip_colors_and_formatting]]

==== EasterEggs ====

^  Command  ^  Function  ^ 
|  apt-get moo  |  Try it out ;)  |\\
|  aptitude moo  |  Try it out and add aptitude -v[vvvvv] moo ;)  |\\

\\
\\
~~DISCUSSION:closed~~
Lunetikk's IT Wiki

User Tools

Site Tools

Page Tools
