This is an old revision of the document!
Command | Function |
---|---|
cd /blabla/ | cd (change directory), changes the current directory to blabla |
pwd | shows current directory |
ls | shows all files and folders in the current directory in one line → confusing) |
ll | = ls –al → shows all files and folders + owner + size, 1 item each line |
alias | shows alias like „..“ for „cd ..“ |
cat [textfile] | displays the full file |
tail [-f -n 20] | displays the last 20 lines of the file – extension „–f“ refreshes the file, extension „–n 20“ displays the last 20 lines |
head | same a tail but it displays the first lines |
touch [file] | create a file / refresh the timestamp |
chmod 777 [file] | change rights of a file |
chown user:group [directory] –R | change owner and group, -R changes the complete directory including files and subdirectorys |
useradd –m | add a user |
groupadd | add a group |
cp source target [-r -a] | copy data, -r copy directory, -a keep the rights |
mv source target | move file or directory |
rm –r | removes a directory with all data in it / rmdir only removes empty directorys |
cut –d : -f 1,3 | : is the delimiter and 1 and 3 are the columns |
echo “ ” > test.sh | deletes the entries of a textfile |
which sutp | shows path of sutp |
echo $? | 0 = success of the last command |
env | run a program in a modified environment |
uptime | shows how long your machine is running |
mkdir –p /abc/abc | create a directory including a subdirectory |
rpm –ivh | install a rpm file (install verbose hash) |
mount /dev/[cdrom, sr, hdc or tabtab] | mount VMWaretools |
Command | Function |
---|---|
apt-cache search [Package] | search for [Package] (example nano) |
apt-get install [Package] | installs [Package] |
apt-get update | update sources.list |
apt-get upgrade | update all installed packages |
apt-get remove [Package] | remove [Package] |
apt-get purge [Package] | remove [Package] and its configs |
dkpg –install [Package.deb] | installs offline packages |
aptitude install [Package] | installs [Package] alt. apt-get |
service [Service] start/stop | start/stop a service (rc for Suse) |
Command | Function |
---|---|
apt-get moo | Try it out ;) |
aptitude moo | Try it out and add aptitude -v[vvvvv] moo ;) |
Command | Function |
---|---|
#!/bin/bash or #!/bin/sh | shebang |
VAR=var | set VAR to var |
$VAR | inserts var whereever $VAR is placed |
case - esac | inserts case |
if - fi | inserts if |
Problem:
Running your script prompts interpreter error
Fix:
Open your script with vi and execute the following
:set fileformat=unix
Problem:
Running your script requires more rights
Fix:
Make your script runable by executing the following code
chmod +x [scriptname].sh
Discussion